Ficus palmata (FI) is an important and widely used medicinal plant. It is principally used as an item of diet in the treatment of constipation and diseases of the lungs and bladder. The sap is used in the treatment of warts. Ficus palmata plant is used in various disease e. g. gastrointestinal, hypoglycemic, antitumor, anti-ulcer, anti-diabetic, lipid lowering and antifungal activities. This study evaluates both the central and peripheral analgesic effect of the different extracts of Ficus palmata in the experimental animals. Methods: Acute toxicity test was done following the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development guidelines. Ficus palmata extracts (250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg) body weight was evaluated for central analgesic activity by the hot plate method, tail immersion method and formalin test models using tramodol (20 mg/kg b. w. ) as the standard drug. Results: In all the models, chloroform extract showed significant inhibition as well as the elongation of time at a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight. A linear dose response relationship was also observed which was comparable with that of the standard drug tramodol (p<0. 01, p<0. 05). Conclusion: The study showed significant central and peripheral analgesic activity of Ficus palmata which may be attributed to the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, phospholipase A2, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Ficus plamata as a commercial source of analgesic drug should be subjected to further research.

Background and purpose: Various species of the plant grandiflorum have different applications in Iran traditional medicine, such as in treatment of dermatitis. Considering the therapeutic property of papuveraceae, this study was designed in order to determine the anti inflammatory and antinociceptive property of Glaucium grandiflorum.Materials and methods: Extraction was done with methanol by percolation method. Anti inflammatory property of the extract was determined by carrageenan test for the doses of 4, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160 and 200 mg/kg of body weight as compare to indometacin for the doses of 2.4, 6, 8 and 90 mg/kg of body weight. Antinociceptive property of the extract with formalin and hot plate was studied for the doses of 60, 70, 80 and 90 mg/kg of body weight as compare to morphine for the doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg of body weight. The integrity of motor coordination was assessed with a rotarod apparatus. Acute toxicity (LD50) of the extract was determined by probit method. Data were analyzed by variance test and Newman- keuls test with P<0.05.Results: 200 mg/kg dose of the extract had more anti inflammatory effect as compare to indomethacin at the doses of 10 mg/kg (P<0.01) and 8 mg/kg (P<0.001). All the used doses had more antinociceptive effect as compare to the control group, (P<0.001). Antinociceptive effects of 80 and 90 mg/kg of body weight of the extract in the first phase was more than morphine for the dose of 5 mg/kg body weight. In the second phase, the antinociceptive effect of 70, 80 and 90 mg/kg of body weight was more than morphine for the dose of 5 mg/kg of body weight P<0.001. There was no significant difference in the doses of 80 and 90 mg/kg of body weight. Administration of the extract with the doses of 60, 70,80 and 90 mg/kg of body weight, raised the pain threshold at 45 minutes of observation, as compare to the control group. Extract fluid of this plant had no effect on motor coordination of the animals. Acute toxicity of the extract was determined to be about 797.94 mg/kg administered intraperitonealy. Conclusion: The present study suggest that this plant has anti inflammatory and antinociceptive effects.

A series of phenoxybenzylidene aroylhydrazine derivatives were synthesized and their structures were confirmed using FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Analgesic profiles of all compounds were examined using abdominal constriction test (writhing test). Most of synthesized compounds induced significant reduction in the writhing response as compared with controls. The most active compounds exhibited an analgesic activity comparable with that of mefenamic acid.

The uses of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are limited by a variety of side effects. So research on preparing new analgesic agents is important. According to some reports about the analgesic activity of hydrazide and hydrazine derivatives a new series of these compounds were synthesized in order to obtain new analgesic compounds. The final compounds 10a-10e and 15a-15d were prepared by condensation of corresponding hydrazides 7, 8 and 11-14 with different aldehydes 9a-9e. The structures of all synthesized compounds were confirmed by means of FT-IR, 1H-NMR and Mass spectra. All compounds were evaluated for their analgesic activities by abdominal constriction test (writhing test). Most of the synthesized compounds induced significant reduction in the writhing response when compared to control and compound 15 was more potent than mefenamic acid in the writhing test.

A series of 2-methylthio-1, 4-dihydropyrimidine derivatives (II) were synthesized in good yields by alkylation of 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydropyrimidines (I) with methyl iodide in the presence of pyridine. Their structures were confirmed by elemental analysis, IR and 1H NMR spectra. The compounds were tested for analgesic activity by acetic acid induced writhing method. Compounds IIh, IIe, IIk and IIl showed excellent to good analgesic activity. Other compounds showed moderate analgesic activity. The observed analgesic activity is mainly because of inhibition of the peripheral pain mechanism by the title compounds.